The tiger is considered as the largest cat species found in the world. Tiger is very highly adaptable predator that inhabits in a wide range of ecosystem from tropical rainforests to snowy Siberian landscapes. Out of 6 sub species of tiger, the one found in Indian subcontinent is the Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris) which is listed as an Endangered species by the IUCN in their Red List. On 1st April, 1973 the Government of India launched the “Project Tiger” with a mission to promote and protect the big cat in the country. But in the 20th century the population of Royal Bengal Tiger decreased alarmingly.
Tiger Reserves in India:
Under Section 38V of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 a State Government in India can notify a Tiger Reserve with consultation with the National Tiger Conservation Authority. As of August, 2023 there are 54 Tiger Reserves in India covering 75,796.83 square kilometers of area which is roughly 2.3% of the country’s total geographical area.
Royal Bengal Tiger in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve:
In the year 2006 the Kaziranga National Park has been declared as a Tiger Reserve. The Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has the highest density of tigers of any protected areas in India and in the entire world. As per the recent census there are 135 Royal Bengal Tigers in the park with one tiger in every 5 square kilometers. In recent years Kaziranga has seen a drastic growth in tiger population. Tourists from around the globe come here not only to see the famous One Horned Rhinoceros, but also to have a glimpse of the majestic Royal Bengal Tiger.
Role in the ecosystem and Conservation Challenges:
Being the apex predator, the tiger plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. They regulate the prey population preventing overgrazing and maintaining the health of vegetation. Despite their iconic status tigers face numerous threats to their survival. Habitat destruction, poaching for their body parts and human wildlife conflicts are some significant challenges the tigers face.
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